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The Mau Mau Uprising, also known as the Mau Mau Revolt, Mau Mau Rebellion, or Kenya Emergency, was a military conflict that took place in British Kenya between 1952 and 1960. It involved Kikuyu-dominated groups summarily called ''Mau Mau'', the white settlers including women and children and elements of the British Army, the local Kenya Regiment mostly consisting of the British, auxiliaries, and anti-Mau Mau Kikuyu.〔.〕 The capture of rebel leader Dedan Kimathi on 21 October 1956 signalled the ultimate defeat of Mau Mau, and essentially ended the British military campaign. The Mau Mau failed to capture widespread public support,〔''The Oxford Illustrated History of the British Army'' (1994) p. 346.〕 partly due to the British policy of divide and rule,〔.〕 and the movement remained internally divided, despite attempts to unify its various strands. The British, meanwhile, could draw upon their ongoing efforts to put down another rebellion in Malaya.〔.〕 The uprising created a rift between the European colonial community in Kenya and the metropole,〔.〕 but also resulted in violent divisions within the Kikuyu community.〔: "Much of the struggle tore through the African communities themselves, an internecine war waged between rebels and so-called 'loyalists' — Africans who took the side of the government and opposed Mau Mau."〕〔.〕 The financial cost of the uprising to the former colony amounted to £55 million.〔.〕 ==Etymology== The origin of the term ''Mau Mau'' is uncertain. According to some members of Mau Mau, they never referred to themselves as such, instead preferring the military title Kenya Land and Freedom Army (KLFA).〔.〕 Some publications, such as Fred Majdalany's ''State of Emergency: The Full Story of Mau Mau'', claim it was an anagram of ''Uma Uma'' (which means "get out get out") and was a military codeword based on a secret language-game Kikuyu boys used to play at the time of their circumcision. Majdalany goes on to state that the British simply used the name as a label for the Kikuyu ethnic community without assigning any specific definition.〔.〕 As the movement progressed, a Swahili backronym was adopted: "Mzungu Aende Ulaya, Mwafrika Apate Uhuru" meaning "Let the foreigner go back abroad, let the African regain independence".〔.〕 J.M. Kariuki, a member of Mau Mau who was detained during the conflict, postulates that the British preferred to use the term ''Mau Mau'' instead of ''KLFA'' in an attempt to deny the Mau Mau rebellion international legitimacy.〔.〕 Kariuki also wrote that the term ''Mau Mau'' was adopted by the rebellion in order to counter what they regarded as colonial propaganda.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mau Mau Uprising」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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